Arc de Triomphe

Commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1806 following his great victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, the Arc de Triomphe was designed by architect Jean Chalgrin to honor the Grande Armée. However, construction was frequently interrupted due to Napoleon's abdication and the Bourbon Restoration, finally reaching completion in 1836 under the reign of King Louis-Philippe. The monument stands as a testament to French military history, featuring intricate high-relief sculptures that depict key moments of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Beneath its massive vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, added in 1921 to commemorate the fallen of World War I. An eternal flame has been rekindled every evening at 6:30 PM since 1923, symbolizing the nation's enduring gratitude and remembrance. The names of 660 generals and 128 battles are engraved on its inner and outer surfaces, serving as a permanent record of French valor. Throughout the 20th century, the arch became a focal point for national celebrations and solemn processions, including the return of Napoleon's ashes in 1840 and the victory parades following both World Wars. Today, it remains one of the most iconic symbols of French national identity, standing at the center of the 'Place de l'Étoile' where twelve grand avenues meet.